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Clara Kitongo is the program coordinator at Tree Pittsburgh which creates important connections between people and nature. See Clara’s story at Drawdown’s Neighborhood.
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Angie Martinez oversees lighting for streets and in buildings at the city of Pittsburgh. See Angie’s story at Drawdown’s Neighborhood.
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Demetrius Milling uses holistic approaches to implement smart farming techniques and build community ownership. See Demetrius’ story at Drawdown’s Neighborhood.
Credit: Demetrius Milling
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From Knowledge to Action
This moment in time demands a more strategic approach to addressing climate change. At Project Drawdown, we are assessing the most effective solutions to stop climate change. Our responsibility is to connect key actors to their highest impact actions. Everyone has a role.
I do a lot of communicating about climate science and the urgency of climate action. I consistently point to Project Drawdown and use Project Drawdown resources to help people understand the wide swath of solutions available and recognize that there are many action paths, including those they can use from the personal to community level.”
Twila Moon, Deputy Lead Scientist at the National Snow and Ice Data Center
Organizations such as Project Drawdown are absolutely vital for targeting the actions that will literally help both people and nature to survive.”
Dr. Dawn Wright, Chief Scientist, Esri
We have used the research and data from Project Drawdown's public website to inform our grantmaking strategy — looking at the set of science-backed solutions in one place helped us identify which areas resonated with our family foundation’s mission, while at the same time we could clearly see where our work fit with many workstreams needed to move the needle on climate emissions.”
Jordana Barrack, Mighty Arrow Family Foundation
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FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal
Protect Forests: Subtropical
FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal
Protect Forests: Temperate
Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean
Reduce Food Loss & Waste
Transportation
Enhance Public Transit
Buildings & Electricity
Use Heat Pumps
Other Energy
Manage Coal Mine Methane
| Action | Solution | Solution Classification | Mode | Sector | Cluster | Adoption Unit | Effectiveness t CO₂‑eq (100-yr)/unit | Adoption Current | Adoption Achievable Range | GHG Impact Gt CO₂-eq (100‑yr)/yr | Cost US$ per t CO₂‑eq | Climate Pollutants Mitigated | Speed of Action | Additional Benefits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deploy | Alternative Insulation Materials | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | insulation units of 100 m² and 1 m²·K/W |
1.59 | 1.4×10⁷/yr | 2.9×10⁷ to 7.3×10⁷/yr | 0.05 to 0.12 | -121.00 | CO₂, F-gas |
Emergency Brake | |
| Improve | Annual Cropping | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon | FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Shift Agriculture Practices | ha cropland |
1.8/yr | 2.674×10⁸ | 3.317×10⁸ to 7×10⁸ | 0.43 to 1.09 | 47.80 | CO₂, N₂O |
Delayed | |
| Improve | Cement Production: Clinker substitution | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | Mt clinker avoided |
690,000 | 980/yr | 1,000 to 2,000/yr | 0.70 to 1.00 | -30.00 | CO₂ |
Gradual | |
| Improve | Cement Production: Alternative fuels | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | Mt cement produced using alternative fuels |
96,000 | 300/yr | 610 to 2,000/yr | 0.06 to 0.20 | -50.00 | CO₂ |
Gradual | |
| Improve | Cement Production: Efficiency upgrades | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | GJ thermal energy input reduced |
0.085 | 0/yr | 8.86×10⁸ to 1.18×10⁹/yr | 0.08 to 0.10 | -60.00 | CO₂ |
Gradual | |
| Deploy | Clean Cooking | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Buildings | Shift Energy Sources | household switching to cleaner cooking |
2.3/yr | 4.2×10⁸ to 4.2×10⁸ | 0.98 to 0.98 | 27.00 | CO₂, CH₄, BC |
Emergency Brake | ||
| Manage | Coal Mine Methane | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Other Energy | Cut Fugitive Emissions | Mt methane abated |
2.79×10⁷ | 0.59/yr | 2.83 to 4.4/yr | 0.08 to 0.12 | -3.17 | CH₄ , N₂O, BC |
Emergency Brake | |
| Mobilize | Electric Bicycles: Private electric bicycles | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Electrify Vehicles | 1,000 electric bicycles |
110.5/yr | 277,600 | 421,300 to 1.01×10⁶ | 0.05 to 0.11 | -1748.00 | CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC |
Gradual | |
| Mobilize | Electric Bicycles: Shared electric bicycles | Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Electrify Vehicles | 1,000 electric bicycles |
14.44/yr | 2,000 | 22,010 to 69,260 | 0.00 to 0.00 | 22860.00 | CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC |
Gradual | |
| Mobilize | Electric Cars | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Electrify Vehicles | million passenger-kilometers (million pkm) |
48.52 | 818,900/yr | 2.602×10⁷ to 4.731×10⁷/yr | 1.26 to 2.30 | -1019.00 | CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC |
Gradual | |
| Reduce | Food Loss & Waste | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Curb Growing Demands | t reduced FLW |
2.82 | 4.375×10⁸ to 8.75×10⁸/yr | 1.23 to 2.47 | -193.99 | CO₂ , CH₄ , N₂O |
Emergency Brake | ||
| Protect | Forests: Boreal | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon | FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected |
0.299/yr | 4.67×10⁸ | 8.47×10⁸ to 8.61×10⁸ | 0.25 to 0.26 | 2.00 | CO₂ |
Emergency Brake | |
| Protect | Forests: Temperate | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon | FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected |
1.403/yr | 1.59×10⁸ | 2.04×10⁸ to 3.78×10⁸ | 0.29 to 0.53 | 2.00 | CO₂ |
Emergency Brake | |
| Protect | Forests: Subtropical | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon | FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected |
2.204/yr | 1.12×10⁸ | 1.26×10⁸ to 2.19×10⁸ | 0.28 to 0.48 | 2.00 | CO₂ |
Emergency Brake | |
| Protect | Forests: Tropical | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon | FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected |
1.489/yr | 9.36×10⁸ | 1.12×10⁹ to 1.577×10⁹ | 1.67 to 2.35 | 2.00 | CO₂ |
Emergency Brake | |
| Use | Heat Pumps | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Buildings & Electricity | Enhance Efficiency, Shift Energy Sources | heat pump systems |
0.95/yr | 1.3×10⁸ | 6×10⁸ to 9.6×10⁸ | 0.57 to 0.91 | -200.00 | CO₂ , CH₄, N₂O, BC |
Gradual | |
| Mobilize | Hybrid Cars | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Enhance Efficiency | million passenger kilometers (million pkm) |
27.11 | 1.318×10⁶/yr | 1.183×10⁷ to 2.957×10⁷/yr | 0.32 to 0.80 | 264.00 | CO₂ , CH₄, N₂O, BC |
Gradual | |
| Improve | Landfill Management: Methane capture | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Cut Fugitive Emissions | Mt methane abated |
2.79×10⁷ | 1.59/yr | 4.5 to 34.78/yr | 0.13 to 0.97 | -6.42 | CH₄, N₂O, BC |
Emergency Brake | |
| Improve | Landfill Management: Biocovers | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Cut Fugitive Emissions | Mt methane abated |
2.79×10⁷ | 0/yr | 35.13 to 57.04/yr | 0.98 to 1.59 | 0.47 | CH₄, N₂O, BC |
Emergency Brake | |
| Deploy | LED Lighting | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | % lamps LED |
7.09×10⁶/yr | 50.5 | 87 to 92 | 0.62 to 0.65 | -175.00 | CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC |
Gradual | |
| Improve | Nonmotorized Transportation | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Shift to Alternatives | million passenger kilometers (million pkm) |
115.6 | 5.556×10⁶/yr | 1.236×10⁷ to 1.634×10⁷/yr | 1.43 to 1.89 | -1771.00 | CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC |
Gradual | |
| Improve | Nutrient Management | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Shift Agriculture Practices | t avoided excess nitrogen application |
6 | 1.045×10⁷/yr | 6.985×10⁷ to 9.106×10⁷/yr | 0.42 to 0.54 | -85.21 | N₂O |
Gradual | |
| Manage | Oil & Gas Methane | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Other Energy | Cut Fugitive Emissions | Mt methane abated |
2.79×10⁷ | 3.26 to 8.84/yr | 0.09 to 0.25 | -6.20 | CH₄, N₂O, BC |
Emergency Brake | ||
| Enhance | Public Transit | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Shift to Alternatives | million passenger kilometers (million pkm) |
58.27 | 6.784×10⁶/yr | 1.203×10⁷ to 1.767×10⁷/yr | 0.70 to 1.03 | -3300.00 | CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, BC |
Gradual | |
| Deploy | Silvopasture | Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Shift Agriculture Practices | ha converted from grazing land to silvopasture |
9.81/yr | 1.414×10⁸ | 1.47×10⁸ to 2.063×10⁸ | 0.40 to 0.98 | 43.25 | CO₂ |
Delayed | |
| Boost | Appliance and Equipment Efficiency | Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | Buildings & Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | — | ||||||||
| Use | Low-Flow Fixtures | Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | Buildings & Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | — | ||||||||
| Advance | Cultivated Meat | Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Curb Growing Demands | — | ||||||||
| Deploy | Enhanced Rock Weathering | Keep Watching | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles | — | ||||||||
| Use | Feed Additives | Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Shift Agriculture Practices | — | ||||||||
| Mobilize | Green Hydrogen for Aviation and Trucking | Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Fuel Switching | — | ||||||||
| Deploy | Micro Wind Turbines | Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Shift Production | — | ||||||||
| Deploy | Nuclear Fusion | Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Shift Production | — | ||||||||
| Deploy | Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement | Keep Watching | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles | — | ||||||||
| Deploy | Plastic Alternatives / Bioplastics | Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | — | ||||||||
| Protect | Seafloors | Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | — | ||||||||
| Deploy | Small Modular Nuclear Reactors | Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Shift Production | — | ||||||||
| Deploy | Sustainable Aviation Fuel | Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Fuel Switching | — | ||||||||
| Deploy | Blue Hydrogen | Not Recommended | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Processes | — | ||||||||
| Deploy | Ocean Fertilization | Not Recommended | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles | — | ||||||||
| Deploy | Vertical Farms | Not Recommended | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Shift Agriculture Practices | — | ||||||||
| Restore | Abandoned Farmland | Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Use Degraded Land | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Agroforestry | Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Alternative Refrigerants | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Aviation Efficiency | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Produce | Biochar | Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | Industrial Carbon Removal | Biomass Carbon Removal & Storage | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Bioelectricity with Carbon Capture & Storage | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Electricity & Industry | Shift Production | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Biomass Crops on Degraded Land | Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Use Degraded Land | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Building Envelopes | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Buildings & Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Automate | Building Systems | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Buildings & Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Increase | Carpooling | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Shift to Alternatives | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Increase | Centralized Composting | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Use Waste as a Resource | t organic waste |
3.9 | 7.8×10⁷/yr | 1.56×10⁸ to 2.44×10⁸/yr | 0.60 to 0.95 | 10.00 | CO₂, CH₄ |
Emergency Brake | |
| Protect | Coastal Wetlands: Mangrove ecosystems | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected |
7.88/yr | 2.94×10⁶ | 7.85×10⁶ to 1.1×10⁷ | 1.00 | CO₂ |
Emergency Brake | ||
| Protect | Coastal Wetlands: Salt marsh ecosystems | Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected |
4.78/yr | 1.24×10⁶ | 3.75×10⁶ to 5.25×10⁶ | 0.02 to 0.03 | 2.00 | CO₂ |
Emergency Brake | |
| Protect | Coastal Wetlands: Seagrass ecosystems | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected |
3.56/yr | 3.86×10⁶ | 1.57×10⁷ to 2.2×10⁷ | 0.06 to 0.08 | -6.00 | CO₂ |
Emergency Brake | |
| Deploy | Concentrated Solar | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Reduce | Crop Residue Burning | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Diets | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Curb Growing Demands | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Distributed Solar PV | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | District Heating: Buildings | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Buildings | Shift Energy Sources | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | District Heating: Buildings and Industry | Highly Recommended | Coming Soon | |||||||||||
| Mobilize | Electric Scooters & Motorcycles | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Electrify Vehicles, Fuel Switching | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Mobilize | Electric Trains | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Electrify Vehicles, Fuel Switching | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Mobilize | Electric Trucks & Buses | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Electrify Vehicles, Fuel Switching | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Support | Family Planning & Education | Highly Recommended | Society | Health & Education | Coming Soon | |||||||||
| Improve | Forest Management | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Restore | Forests | Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Geothermal Power | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Restore | Grasslands & Savannas | Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Protect | Grasslands & Savannas | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Grid Efficiency | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Improve Electrical System | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Enhance | High-Speed Rail | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Shift to Alternatives | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Boost | Industrial Efficiency | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Electricity & Industry | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Increase | Industrial Electrification | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Processes | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Livestock Grazing | Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Low-Emission Industrial Feedstocks | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Methane Digesters | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Electricity & Industry | Shift Production | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Nuclear Power | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Ocean Shipping Efficiency | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Offshore Wind Turbines | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Shift Production | MW installed capacity |
1,898/yr | 73,000 | 1×10⁶ to 1.6×10⁶ | 1.90 to 3.00 | CO₂ , CH₄, N₂O, BC |
Gradual | ||
| Deploy | Onshore Wind Turbines | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Other Building Materials | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Materials | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Restore | Peatlands | Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Protect | Peatlands: Boreal | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon | FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected |
0.92/yr | 5.4×10⁷ | 1.99×10⁸ to 2.55×10⁸ | 0.18 to 0.24 | 0.25 | CO₂ , CH₄, N₂O |
Emergency Brake | |
| Protect | Peatlands: Temperate | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon | FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected |
4.42/yr | 1.3×10⁷ | 1.8×10⁷ to 2.4×10⁷ | 0.08 to 0.11 | 0.25 | CO₂ , CH₄, N₂O |
Emergency Brake | |
| Protect | Peatlands: Subtropical | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon | FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected |
13.47/yr | 2.63×10⁷ | 9×10⁶ to 1.1×10⁷ | 0.12 to 0.15 | 0.25 | CO₂ , CH₄, N₂O |
Emergency Brake | |
| Protect | Peatlands: Tropical | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions and Remove Carbon | FALO & Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Protect & Manage Ecosystems | ha protected |
13.23/yr | 3.5×10⁷ | 7.2×10⁷ to 9.2×10⁷ | 0.95 to 1.22 | 0.25 | CO₂ , CH₄, N₂O |
Emergency Brake | |
| Deploy | Perennial Crops | Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Increase | Recycling | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Use Waste as a Resource | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Refrigerant Management | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Cut Fugitive Emissions | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Rice Production | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Shift Agriculture Practices | ha |
2.03/yr | 4.865×10⁷ | 4.956×10⁷ to 7.753×10⁷ | 0.10 to 0.16 | -174.98 | CH₄ , N₂O |
Emergency Brake | |
| Protect | Seaweed | Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Restore | Seaweed | Highly Recommended | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Small Hydropower | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Solar Hot Water | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Buildings | Shift Energy Sources | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Supply Chain Efficiency | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Truck Efficiency | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Utility-Scale Solar PV | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Hold | Virtual Meetings | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Shift to Alternatives | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Windows & Glass | Highly Recommended | Cut Emissions | Buildings & Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Aquaculture | Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Restore | Coastal Wetlands | Worthwhile | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Use | Cool Roofs | Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Increase | Decentralized Composting | Worthwhile | Coming Soon | |||||||||||
| Deploy | District Cooling | Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Fishing Vessel Efficiency | Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Enhance Efficiency | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Irrigation Efficiency | Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Boost | Large Herbivore Restoration | Worthwhile | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Manure Management | Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Ocean Power | Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Reduce | Overfishing | Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Waste to Energy | Worthwhile | Cut Emissions | Electricity & Industry | Shift Production | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Boost | Whale Restoration | Worthwhile | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Restore & Manage Ecosystems | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Agrivoltaics | Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Produce | Bio-bricks / Bio‑oils | Keep Watching | Remove Carbon | Industrial Carbon Removal | Biomass Carbon Removal & Storage | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Industrial Green Hydrogen | Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | Industry, Materials & Waste | Improve Processes | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Low-Carbon Biofuels | Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Electrify Vehicles, Fuel Switching | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Explore | Ocean Electrochemistry | Keep Watching | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Improve | Ruminant Breeding | Keep Watching | Cut Emissions | Food, Agriculture, Land & Ocean | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Seaweed Farming | Keep Watching | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Shift Agriculture Practices | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Advance | Artificial Upwelling | Not Recommended | Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Manipulate Biogeochemical Cycles | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Use | Corn-Based Ethanol | Not Recommended | Cut Emissions | Transportation | Fuel Switching | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Direct Air Capture | Not Recommended | Remove Carbon | Industrial Carbon Removal | Carbon Removal & Storage | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Use | Fossil Fuels with Carbon Capture & Storage | Not Recommended | Cut Emissions | Electricity | Shift Production | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Ocean Biomass Sinking | Not Recommended | Cut Emissions, Remove Carbon | Nature-Based Carbon Removal | Biomass Carbon Removal & Storage | Coming Soon | ||||||||
| Deploy | Stratospheric Sulfate Injection | Not Recommended | Other | Geoengineering | Solar Radiation Management | Coming Soon |
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